The Eclectic Magic of Austin Osman Spare

Born in 1886 in London, in the area near the Smithfield market, Austin Osman Spare showed great artistic skills from an early age, which ensured his entrance to the evening course at the Lamberth high school, despite being significantly younger than the rest of the subscribers.

During his adolescence he developed a high interest in occultism, initiated into the magic by the figure of Mrs Paterson: an elderly lady, who called herself a descendant of the witches of the village of Salem; she was the one to teach him the basis of witchcraft and he called her his "second mother".

The relationship between Spare and his real mother was conflictual since pregnancy (his mother confessed that the gestation was "a hell") and, during childhood, she was very strict with him and punished him often, so much to cause in him such a level of frustration that lead him to suffer from a real psychosis, being unable to distinguish reality from the imagination. This taking refuge in his own world, however, enabled him to experiment more with sorcery and his spirituality.

Over the years he went further and further with the study of the occult, reading books by Eliphas Levi and the grimoires of Cornelius Agrippa, but he remained deeply fascinated by the writings of Madame Blavatsky, very fond of the concept of Theosophy, which then introduced him to the study of ancient cults and oriental philosophies. In fact, he deepened his studies with Buddhist and Hindu ideas, in particular the concept of karma, reincarnation and astral travels.

Everything he learned about the occult world, Spare poured it into his art; his works were filled with sexual references and grotesque figures; fascinated by the cult of Pan, he painted the members of the English lower class, representing them as Satyrs and Fauns, all enriched by sigils and magical symbols that he created himself.

Alan Moore in an interview about Spare, states:

"I think magic offers the artist a new way of looking at their awareness and find new ideas.”

It is thanks to his art, in combination with his stubborn esoteric research, that Spare will become one of the biggest occultists in the United Kingdom.

In 1904, at the age of only 17, he obtained a scholarship at the Royal Academy in London and one of his drawings was selected to be exhibited at an official exhibition, becoming the youngest artist to exhibit his works at the academy.

The esoteric contents of his works drew the attention of the most avant-garde art critics of London, who even preferred him to the more famous Aubrey Beardsley, comparing him to great artists of the past such as Albrecht Dürer and Michelangelo. The attention the press gave him made sure he knew the famous occultist, poet and artist Aleister Crowley in person. He met him at the Burton Gallery and the first thing Crowley told him was that the two of them, Crowley through poetry and Spare through painting, were messengers of the divine.

The two shared a lot of interests and consequently they began a frequentation that made Spare's art even richer in esoteric meanings.

Spare, however, did not agree with many of Crowley's ideas (especially regarding ceremonial magic and hierarchies of esoteric orders) because he distinguished himself for his eclectic and personal style of magic, which was defined by his friend Kenneth Grant "Zos Kia Cultus", therefore, never wanted to be officially initiated as a member of the Argenteum Astrum order, despite Crowley himself wishing it.

Anyway, the two artists collaborated for the publication of "The Equinox" by Crowley, containing four illustrations of Spare.

In 1917, during the First World War, Spare, discarded as a soldier because he was considered mentally unstable, served as an ordinary of the army's royal medical corps in London hospitals and was later hired by the army as a war artist in France.

In 1920 he returned to his homeland and, despite being considered a very talented artist, practically lived his life as a recluse, in an apartment in East London. Because of the bombing, London was filled with stray cats, fleeing houses destroyed by bombs, frightened by loud noises. Spare begins to adopt one after another, animals that he treated as familiars, creating a real colony in his own apartment.

His numerous works full of magical eroticism aroused the disapproval of the critics. He resisted all the clamor that the press gave him, also because of his scandalous lifestyle for the time (given that he preferred to surround himself with homeless people, prostitutes and people from the lower class of society), becoming famous for him was more a stress than a pleasure, also because of his being an introvert person, for this reason he chose to live in solitude. He lived on the proceeds he made by making portraits of the working class people, asking them only the equivalent of £ 5 and exposing them to the unofficial exhibitions held in his studio or in the pubs of the area. Spare felt disgust at the thought of selling his works at high prices, which he could easily afford.

His innate passion for occultism made him pursue his esoteric research, relying primarily on oriental philosophies such as Taoism, pre-surrealism and witchcraft teachings, which, to say of Spare, gave him Mrs. Paterson at a young age.

Whether Mrs. Paterson is really existed or not, we still don’t know. The doubt arises spontaneously since, as we have already said, he did not properly distinguish reality from the imagination, and furthermore the researches carried out on the existence of a lady named Paterson which corresponded the descriptions he gave, lead to poor and questionable results. There is the possibility, therefore, that he created a kind of spirit guide that instructed him in the magical arts, and that, according to him, was made of flesh and bone.

Precisely, referring to her, Spare stated that:

"She used to read me the future when I was very young. She never accepted money. She was so precise and so detailed in her predictions that everyone was amazed. She was married to a doctor but had gipsy blood flowing through her veins. She was full of love and kindness towards anyone, she was like a little girl. She lived in a very dangerous neighborhood, but even the most difficult people respected her.”

He later reported that he had brought Mabel Beardsley (sister of the famous artist Aubrey Bearsley) to Mrs. Paterson for a reading. Mrs. Paterson looked worried but only told her to pay attention to her health; then in private she spoke with Spare and told him that Mabel had only two years more to live. Mabel became ill and died of cancer two years later.

Mrs. Paterson taught a lot of things to Spare: she instructed him in the technique of "thoughts projection", which consisted of concentrating in a trance state and, fixing a dark corner of the room, it was possible for her to evoke her own thoughts in that darkness. , materializing it; she also taught him to use automatic writing. Spare, a keen supporter of reincarnation, began to use this technique to find out more about his past lives, creating drawings while he was completely in the dark at midnight, drawings he made without ever removing the pencil from the paper, each figure, therefore, was represented through a single stroke.

He began to take an interest in topics such as magic, tarots, alchemy and sigils; he created his own style of magic, totally personal, and even conceived a technique of his own to create magical sigils that influenced the elements and matter, a technique that, even if slightly readjusted, we still use today.

ZOS - KIA CULTUS

Spare based his personal worship on sexual magic. He created "The Alphabet of Desire", a magical alphabet composed of emblems representing sexual principles, each of which, if used for ritual, is able to awaken dormant layers of the human psyche. Once visualized, the sigil is able to bring out old memories from the mind, and in so doing it is able to project real images into the conscious mind.

To achieve the required result, however, oblivion is necessary.

According to Spare, the desires formulated in the conscious mind take a long time to manifest, while the subconscious ones manifest themselves very quickly; for this reason, once the sigil has been drawn on the parchment and imprinted in the unconscious through a ritual of sexual magic, the parchment must be destroyed and the sigil forgotten.

According to Spare's magic system, Kia is the fundamental principle of life, "the atmospheric self" or "the cosmic self", which manifests itself through Zos, the physical body, the medium through which we perceive sensations.

According to Alan Moore, the word ZOS was coined by Spare himself taking inspiration from his initials; while AOS is the representation of his physical person, the alpha, ZOS is the transcendent expression of his existence as a human being, the omega.

Kia, on the other hand, is a more complex idea, Spare sometimes speaks of it as a sort of universal mind, like a divine spark, which he represented on an altar like a vulture, but which is actually impersonal, it is pure cosmic void.

In the human being, Zos and Kia are artificially divided, because of reason and conscience; it is in the subconscious that the two principles come together and the magical power reaches its peak.

To cancel the effect that the reason has on Zos and Kia, Spare uses the technique of the sigils he devised, together with a variant of Crowley sex magic. The sigil must get all the attention of the magician in the moment of the ecstasy, without the slightest distraction. To make this happen, he consumed sexual intercourse with old and unattractive women, or practiced autoeroticism.

In a variant of the ritual, masturbation was used through the "clay virgins".

These consisted of containers of phallic shape, created with clay or ceramic, specially consecrated, in which was affixed the seal created by the magician, who later performed the practice of masturbation inside it, the container was then buried in midnight (which was considered a sort of "threshold" time) in the right moon phase, based on intent.

THE IMPORTANCE OF THE UNCONSCIOUS

The unconscious was another of the themes to which Spare was passionate about, and he himself elaborated theories about it, almost simultaneously with Freud's work (which, however, had not yet been translated into English, consequently Spare must have arrived at the his conclusions by other means).

Many of the scholars of the time, including Spare, agreed that many psychic experiences of psychics, such as those who claimed to be possessed by the spirit of Shakespeare or Beethoven, concerned not just the alternation of their personality with another , but an alternation of conscious and unconscious state; both states coexisted in the same person's mind, with the difference that the unconscious was harder to bring it out.

He applied his theories on the unconscious even to magic.

"The magical obsession" states "is the state in which the mind is illuminated by the subconscious activities, voluntarily evocated, to obtain inspiration, it is the condition of the Genius."

In his opinion, one could not have magic and conscious mind at the same time, in fact for this reason he despised all the Symbolism used by Crowley.

For him, the conscious state did nothing but increase its frustration, focusing on what was desired without getting it, “Conscious desire is like the watched kettle that never boils".

He brings the example of bats:

“A bat first free wings and of the proper kind, by its desire being organic enough to reach the sub-consciousness. If its desire to fly had been conscious, it would have had to wait till it could have done so by the same means as ourselves, for example by machinery”

THE “DEATH POSTURE”

As we have already said, Spare believed in his theory of "Zos and Kia", the bodily self of ZOS and the non existence of the higher self of Kia.

One of the methods devised by Spare to bring to the union of Zos and Kia was “The Death Posture".

Probably the name derives from the Yoga position "Shavasana", also called "the position of the corpse".

The method consisted of fixing one's own reflection in the mirror, until reaching a state of semi-trance, in which the perception of oneself is blurred. Then, he closed his eyes, staring at the concentration on the third eye, while doing this tension and contracting all the muscles of the body (with the purpose then to have a great level of relaxation when released), clasping the hands behind his back, stretching up his chin and began to hyperventilate (a technique known in Yoga as "breath of fire"). Once you reach a suitable level of tension, suddenly release all the contractions of the body and abandon yourself on the bed.

Spare claims to have achieved excellent results with this technique, including the ecstatic pleasure and the achievement of the astral plan. In this way, in fact, the threshold of attention is lowered, the barrier of the conscious is overcome to plunge into the unconscious.

While lying in the Death Posture, it is the ideal moment to release a sigil in our unconscious and then forget it once awakened.

♄Unornya

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Sources:

”Austin Osman Spare; The occult life's of London legendary artist.", Phil Baker, 2011.

Mabon - The Return of the Darkness.

The night between the 21 and the 22 September marks a very peculiar astronomic phenomenon: the Autumn Equinox, when night and day stay in balance. It is not a coincidence that the Sun is getting ready to enter in Libra - a zodiac sign that rules equilibrium. It is equilibrium indeed the main theme for the sabbat we celebrate on the Autumn Equinox: Mabon.

Compared to its spring equivalent, this period of the year marks another kind of balance: after this date, days will be shorter, the earth is getting colder, the animals are sheltering in their dens and the flocks are migrating towards South. It is then a conscious balance of that the earth is slowly dying and we need to get ready for a long descent in the Darkness - culminating with Yule, the longest night. 

Known also the “Second Harvest Festival”, Mabon is a moment of gratitude towards Mother Earth for all the bounty she gave us, before the winter. Most of the popular celebrations, in the Northern Hemisphere, converge around this topic:

• Greeks used to celebrate Oschophoria, a festival in honour of the god Dionysus and the grape harvest.
• In Germany we still celebrate the Oktoberfest, nowadays considered an opportunity to cheer and to drink but with a pagan background: people used to celebrate the harvest and the last stock of the summer beer. One last occasion to be grateful to the earth and clear the barrels before the winter brewing.
• In China people celebrate the Moon Festival, one of the most popular and beloved Chinese recurrence: during this festival, it is customary to make moon cakes with rice flour from the harvest.
• Originally Thanksgiving was celebrated around the 3rd October, in synchrony with the harvest.

For Neopagans, the Goddess is now becoming Chrone whilst the dying God is getting ready to be reborn (symbolised by the seeds in the fruit, harvested during summer). The God is often represented by a corn doll, whose body gets burned and its ashes scattered in the fields to bless the soil.

Another theme during this sabbat is the descent in the darkness and death. We are adventuring in the dark half of the year, the part that is inviting us to stop, reflect on what we achieved so far and start a journey within ourselves to transform what is not needed anymore through the mysteries of death.

The name Mabon itself is the name of a Welsh god of vegetation and harvest, meaning “Great Son” (from the protoceltic makwo - son), often depicted on a horse and with a hound.
According to the legend, Mabon had been kidnapped from his very mother Modron (“Great Mother” - from the protoceltic mātīr - mother) and eventually rescued by King Arthur. During his imprisonment, the earth fell into a sterile and cold gloom, which had been dispelled with Mabon’s liberation.

We have similar myths in Greece and Persia, with Mabon’s counterparts: Persephone and Inanna.

Proserpine by  D.G.Rossetti

Persephone, known to the Romans as Proserpina, was the daughter of Zeus and Demeter - the goddess of the harvest. After a deal between her father and Hades, she was kidnapped by the King of the Underworld to become his wife. Demeter, suffering from a tremendous sadness, left the soil dying. Zeus, concerned that this eventually would have put an end to life on earth, came to terms with his brother Hades: Persephone finally could have been with the mother again; however Hades gave her six seeds of pomegranate before she left. In this way she could spend six months with the mother (spring and summer), when the earth was again covered in flowers and fruits, and six months with her husband (autumn and winter) in the Underworld. 
The pomegranate is both symbol of fertility and death: it was used in funerary rituals from both Egyptians and Greeks. It represents a juicy and dying fruit - the last gift from a tree ready to die for the winter; at the same time the pomegranate contains the seeds ready to sprout to start a new cycle. A clear parallelism with the agricultural cycle, this fruit was a propitious symbol to wish a good life in the afterlife to our beloved departed.

But what does this sabbat represent for us, modern pagans?

Mabon is a time of mysteries, it is a time for reflection on our spiritual harvest and projects we achieved during the year. It is a time to connect with our darker part and meditate on this aspect of our soul, that completes us with the light. This Equinox is also connected with a New Moon, perfect portal to connect even further with our darker selves.

Here below a simple ritual for the sabbat.

• Get a black and a white candle.
• Focus on the black candle: think about something you didn’t achieve or something you want to get rid of during the next year. Light the candle, visualise the transformation through the flame. 
• Focus now on the white candle: think about something you are grateful for, that you received during your harvest. Light the candle and visualise it in the flame. 

♃Ludna

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Litha, The Triumph of the Sun.

The 21st June is the day when the Sun reaches its maximum declination along its elliptical; being perpendicular on the Tropic of Cancer, it scores for the northern hemisphere the longest day of the year. After the solstice, the days will be shorter and shorter again until we will reach the longest night (Winter Solstice) and the start of a new cycle ...

In the Arctic Circle, the phenomenon of the midnight sun can be observed, characterized by the unusual position that the sun keeps on the horizon: an endless sunset, with the star visible even at midnight.


From the pagan point of view, Litha marks the triumph of the divine on the darkness - often identified with the solar star, in many traditions. A triumph celebrated since the dawn of time, as evidenced by Stonehenge: built circa 5000 years ago, the famous stone circle is in fact oriented toward where the sun rises on the horizon, the day of the summer solstice.



Even today, after thousands of years, pagans from around the world join the Druids to celebrate the event in this sacred space.

According to the Wicca, Litha is one of the minor Sabbath: the Goddess, who we saw as wife to the God at Beltane, is now pregnant; as it is the land around us. The vegetation is flourishing, the soil is warm, the days are long, the fields are full of fruits, waiting for the first harvest of the year. The God is the energy, the sun's heat, the force at the peak of its power ... Waiting to die and be reborn. 

In European countries, people used to celebrate with games and bonfires, setting large wheels of wood on fire;  which they were then made to roll in a stretch of water.

According to some interpretations, it was a way to prevent droughts in the fields - symbolized by the water, turning off the fire. Water is another star of this festival, as we will see later. 



In Ancient Rome, June was the month dedicated to the goddess Juno, wife to Zeus, who was protecting women, motherhood and marriage. In fact, the Romans used to get married during this month, in order to have the protection of the goddess. The Vestalia was also celebrated between the 7th and the 15th of the month, the festival dedicated to Vesta.

During this period, the temple of Vesta was momentarily opened and made accessible to women; who had to go barefoot, with no make-up and bearing gifts to the goddess, in exchange for a blessing for their home. In conjunction with Vesta, the guardian spirits of the household were also celebrated (Penates), which were usually living in the pantry (penitus) - the most hidden corner of the house and also one of the most important where the food supplies were stored.


The opening of the temple and the celebration of Penates opened a passage beyond the veil too, an opening observed with cautiousness by the Romans as it could be dangerous if not accessed in the right way.


Not only according to the Romans the solstice was a time of transition between the worlds; in many traditions, it is a time when it is easy to have supernatural experiences.

In rural England, it was believed that, since the veil was thin, you could see fairies sitting inside a circle of stones at Midsummer. Even Shakespeare wrote one of his famous works, "A Midsummer Night's Dream", about this topic.

It was traditional to light bonfires to ward off spirits, jumping over them was believed also to bring  good luck:  often lovers, sprinkled with flowers, were jumping together seeking a good omen.

Litha so is a great time to celebrate life, the power of the sacred  masculine, dancing, being outdoors. 

It 's a time to purify our magical tools, using the solar energy, or blessing our household or marriage or even focusing on our spiritual path.

The night of Litha is a good time to gather herbs to dry and be used in our spells, as most of the herbs reached their peak of energy and effectiveness in June. An herb particularly bound to the summer solstice is the Hypericum, also known as St. John's wort. Its flower recalls a solar cross, highlighting the fact that it is a plant influenced by the Sun.
Apart from the countless healing properties, it is a plant magically linked to protection and fire; the name in fact comes from the words hyper (above) and eikon (picture), in reference to the tradition of hanging plants over religious icons in the home during St John's Day, to ward off evil. Which is quite fitting, considering the thin veil that characterizes this festival.

The Hypericum, traditionally, was burned with eight other herbs: Rue, Verbena, Mistletoe, Lavender, Thyme, Fennel, Plantain and Mugwort; the ashes were then used to bless the cattle and the house. 


Despite being Litha a purely solar celebration, it is also linked to water: the Sun enters the sign of Cancer, a water sign. So it's a good time to practice magic associated with this element: Litha is an ideal sabbat for divination, so consequently hydromancy is particularly indicated. 

Another midsummer tradition is collecting dew, with its considerable magical properties: it seems to aid fertility, grow hair faster and rejuvenate the skin. Many young naked women used to collect dew in the fields, in order to preserve its beauty. The dew was also used to consecrate the magical herbs, collected during the shortest night. 

Divination with water

• Fill a bowl with water, add a few drops of dew collected on the morning of the 21st June.
•  Light a red candle, think of any situation that is not clear or a question we want to ask the spirits, then drip the wax in the water.
• The wax will then take forms that can be interpreted as an answer to our questions.

Blessings

♃Ludna

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Imbolc, Brighid and the Serpent.

The first day of February we celebrate the feast of Imbolc. It can be said that it is actually the first day of the cycle of the year, a day all about the rebirth of nature, beginnings and life.

The buds begin to sprout from the ground, which is no longer hard and icy, and temperature begins to rise; it begins the awakening of nature.

The name Imbolc comes from the Gaelic word " oimelc" which means "milk", as this is the time of year when the animals give birth and their wombs are swollen with milk; in fact, one of the symbolic animals of this day it is the Cow.

It is said that children born in this period of the year are blessed by the Gods and they will live a long and happy life. 

It's the perfect time to cleanse our homes, the altar, the tools we work with, the runes, tarot cards, candles, our familiars and especially ourselves. A real "Spring cleaning"!

In this period trades and the start of new activities are favoured.

It is essential to soak to positive charge of this day the most we can, in order to start the year at best. 

This festival has been associated for centuries with Brighid, goddess of power, fertility, lady of the uUderworld, patroness of healing, fire and smithing. She is known by many names: Brighid (Irish), Breo Saighead, Brid, Brigindo, Brigan, Brigantia, Brigantis (Britannia), Bride.

I am She

that is the natural

mother of all things,

mistress and governess

of all the elements,

the initial progeny of worlds,

chief of the powers divine,

Queen of all that are in the otherworld,

the principal of them

that dwell above,

manifested alone

and under one form

of all the Gods and Goddesses.

   Lucius Apuleius

Many of the sacred water springs in Britain are consecrated to Brighid and have powerful healing qualities: it customary to hang, on the branches of the trees growing in the nearby, coloured ribbons with written the disease we want to heal from. It is said that the very name "Britain" comes from the name of this Goddess.

Brighid is a triple goddess, she represents the young and warrior aspect of the Cailleach, the divine witch queen of winter. According to the tradition, the Goddess Cailleach decides how long the winter is going to last, whilst collecting wood for the fire on Imbolc. If the day will be sunny, the Goddess will take longer to collect more firewood therefore winter will last longer, but if the weather will be bad then the winter will be ending soon.

The symbolic awakening of nature is associated with the serpent, the sacred animal of Brighid, (already a great symbol of rebirth and new life), which awakens and comes out from its den during this day.

In Scotland, it was tradition to create effigies of snakes dedicated to this sabbat when allegedly, the snakes were coming out from their dens on the hills. 

People used to run in the woods beating a stick on the ground, to make sure that the snakes woke from their slumber, as their awakening would shorten the waiting for the warm season.

An old Scottish hymn says:

Thig an nathair as an toll                                       The serpent will come from the hole

There bride donn,                                                   On the brown Day of Bride,

Ged robh trì troighean dhen t-sneachd                  Though there Should be three feet of snow

Air leac an Lair.                                                     On the flat surface of the ground.

Carmichael, Alexander (1900)  Carmina Gadelica: Hymns and Incantations.

The cult of the Serpent was abandoned with the advent of pre-Christian cults, because of what is written in the book of Genesis, in the Bible, which states that the snake would be the representation of evil persuading men to sin. The story of St. George slaying the dragon and St. Patrick banishing snakes from Ireland are nothing more than analogies that associate metaphorically the snake to the pagan gods, who were eliminated to allow Christianinty to prevail. The same happened to the Goddess Brighid, so important for the Irish people that it was not possible to eradicate her cult, therefore she was then turned into Saint Brigid of Kildare, patroness of the hearth and healing.

One can easily guess why the snake was worshiped as a divine being by our ancestors, as a spirit of the earth itself: It follows the rhythm of the seasons, retreating into the depths of the soil, the afterlife, during the winter, when the earth is asleep, and then it wakes up and comes out during the warm season, as it is dependent on the sun to live. It changes its skin when it grows, it is literally then reborn, with a new skin.

I believe that the best way to celebrate the new beginning of the year, during Imbolc, is celebrating the life of the snake, this animal so sacred, and awakening the Kundalini residing in each one of us, dormant at the base of our spine, through meditation and the synchronization of our natural rhythms with those of the ancient gods.

Make offerings to the gods of the underworld, create amulets shaped like a snake, draw  spirals and jump with both feet on the ground to wake the roots of the trees!

A good way to celebrate the rebirth of the sun is lighting yellow or white candles, preferably realized by you, crafted with natural wax and essential oils, on each window of your house and let them burn all night.

I wish a Happy Imbolc to all of you, readers. Good Rebirth.

                                                                                                                                   ♄Unornya

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Ritual Bath: Purifying Our Energies.

Today we can adrmire the first moon cycle of the year, a full moon under the influence of Cancer.

Cancer, being a water sign, is strongly linked to emotions and so it is this full moon: it is a full moon that highlights your emotional state, a dip in the deepest abyss of your unconscious.

So it is important to remember that, if certain situations can seem overwhelming and you feel like drowning, you have to let it go and let yourself to be lulled by the healing powers of water and carried away by the tide.

Also do not forget that Imbolc is approaching: the Earth under the ice sheet begins to awaken to the beat of Her burning heart. Imbolc is the time when the Light wins over Darkness, raising from the bowels of Mother Earth.

Isn't there a better time to purify ourselves and make room for the new? A great way to regenerate our energies, both physical and spiritual, is having a purifying bath, a method practiced since the dawn of time to get rid of unwanted psychic residues.

Flavour your hot water with five drops of rosemary essential oil , coarse salt and a teaspoon of honey. Surround yourself with candles, crystals and incense if you wish ... the important thing is to create your own sacred space, outside the world and time. It is recommended to turn off phones and any other electronic object, in order to do not to be distracted and absorb the energy and intimacy of the moment.

Let yourself be lulled by the waters, recreating the womb of Mother Earth. Let Her heal your wounds, your concerns; allow the water to absorb and transform  your energies... once finished your bath, be reborn in the light, cleansed of all residual energy.

Happy Lunation.

♃Ludna

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